The+Big+Book+of+Kingdoms

=**pg. 1-The Big Book of Kingdoms**= =**by Imani Beard- Beardlabsafety**= =**Pd. 1 1/6/12**= =**pg.2-Dedication/Introduction**= I'd like to dedicate this documentary to the wonderful people who have helped me in the process making it. Thankyou to my executive producer, Paris, the trusty sidekick who kept me in track to tell these words today. I'd like to thank my Director, Ms. Beard, who held me together when I almost gave up on this thing! For all the students out there who know absolutely nothing of the names of Kingdoms, this will help you lots in time for your next Biology quiz/test on this particular matter. Reading this will advance your learning skills greatly and adequately give you the intellect you can brag about to others. Remembering these Kingdoms will give the knowledge needed for the next grade year. It's super easy, and super fun! No hassle indeed! The average rate in learning the Kingdoms takes forever for those who choose lessons that could take years, over a non-complex documentary that'll help you understand easier and faster in just a couple of days! With this said.......

=**pg.3-Overview of The Three Domains**= > **-Escherichia** [] > > **Single-celled prokaryotes with distinct rRNA sequences. Live in extreme climates (boiling, freezing). grouped accordingly to where they're located.** > **examples: Sulfolobus solfataricus, Pyrococus** [] Doushantuo Formation- Larger than Archaea or Bacteria and has a nucleus containing DNA as well as other membrane-bound organelles. Can be single-celled or multicellular/colonial =The Six Kingdoms= =**Animalia-**= Sponge
 * These domains were recorded from the mid 1860's. Each domain has its own organism basis. The names of these three are;**
 * **Bacteria**
 * Single celled prokaryotes, most found w/ peptidoglycan cell walls. Live in all types of environments, including the human body. reproduces by Binary Fusion or Budding. **
 * **Archaea**
 * **-Pyrococus**
 * Eukarya**
 * As seen above, these cells and organisms have been recorded throughout the time of earth, and since the invention of the microscope. They have there distinct looks, some more than others, and others the same but different structures.**
 * Domain Bacteria includes single-celled prokaryotes. The domain is one of the largest groups of organisms on earth. Bacteria can be found in all the world. Here's a TMI: //There are more bacteria in on your toothbrush than the total population of people in the world!!// Bacteria is classified by an exceptional number of heredities, for example: the locations of which they live in, and whether they are the cause of most diseases.**
 * Domain Archaea, almost the same as the likes of Domain Bacteria, are single-celled prokaryotes also. But, chemically, these cells have different cell structures. What else is also different about Archaea, is that these little cells can live in extreme weather, such as temperatures cold enough to make Antarctica look bad, and the Sahara desert look like nothing compared to where they live. Archaea organisms are classified in the kingdom Archaea.**
 * Domain Eukarya is all of the organisms with eukaryotic cells, Unlike the two Domains Bacteria and Archaea, these organisms have membrane-bound organelles and also a nucleus. Although Eukarya is single-celled, they can be multicellular, like humans. This domain includes the kingdoms of Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. That must be alot to remember, but that's okay! It means you are going to understand more and more as we get further into these studies. KMF!! __K__eep __M__oving __F__orward!!**
 * **Poriferra**

Jellyfish [] Coral [] Sea Slug [] Flatworms [] Roundworm [] Worm-like snake []
 * **Cnidarea**
 * **Platyhelminthes**
 * **Nematoda**
 * **Rotifera**

moss-like animals [] Lampshells [] Tube Worms [] Earthworms
 * **Bryozoa**
 * **Brachiopoda**
 * **Phoronida**
 * **Anelida**

[] Octopus-soft bodied animal [] lightning bug [] =**Archaea-**= Lily pad =**Bacteria-**= Bacteria [] =**Fungi-**= Mushroom Spores Moss Organisms (multi-cellular)
 * **Mollusca**
 * **Arthropoda**
 * Euryarchaeota**
 * **Thermotogae**
 * **Aquificae**
 * Basidiomycota**
 * Plantae- Bryophyta**
 * Protista- Sarcodina**

=pg.4- Overview of Kingdom Bacteria= [] cell type- Prokaryote Body Type- Single celled Cell Wall- Yes Nutrition- Heterotroph Archaebacteria are are different from bacteria because biochemical evidence indicates that they evolved before the bacteria. Their cell walls are chemically different then eachother. Archaebacteria cell walls are different from bacteria because they can live under extreme environments such as; deep sea vents, Antarctic waters and hot geysers. They can live in heat, hotter then the boiling point of water, they can live without oxygen. Bacteria on the other hand can't live without oxygen, because they would die. Archeabacteria has 3 RNA polymerses, while bacteria only has one. =Bacteria has very different structures= Lactobacilli- rod-shaped [] Spirochaeta- spiral [] Enterococci- Spherical []

=THE PROKARYOTE STRUCTURE= []

=**P.5- The Kingdom- Protista**= []
 * These organisms are:**
 * eukaryote
 * both single-celled and multi-cellular
 * protistas dont have cell walls
 * both autotrophs and heterotrophs
 * Chlorophyta- Green Algae**

Myxomycota- Slime Molds []

Rhodophyta- Red Algae []

Animal like- =Pg. 6- Fungi= Sack Fungus []
 * Ciliophora-
 * Ascomycota
 * Chytridiomycota

club fungus
 * Zygomycota

Bread Mold [] Fungi are used a lot in the industry. It is used in grocery stores, factories, medicines, fuels, and research. Fungi have seemed to have done a lot to the industry in a positive way. This natural product can be found in many places and can be a very useful resource.



Fungal infections are caused by fungi that grow in the tissues of the body. Dermatophytes are that infect the skin in nails. This can also cause ringworm in the foot. Fungal toxins come from different fungi organisms, such as mushrooms. Mushrooms can produce a toxic odor which could cause vomiting, diarrhea, liver damage, and death. =Pg. 7- Plants=
 * eukaryotic cells
 * multi-cellular
 * The cell wall is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin
 * autotrophic

Non-vascular [] []
 * Hepatophyta
 * Hornworts

Seedless fern []

Gymno sperms Coniferous []

Angiosperms flowering plants []

[]

PHYLUMS**Bryophyta/**MOSSES-Nonvascular plants,most live in moist environments. **Hepatophyta/**LIVERWORTS-Nonvascular, liver-shaped gametophyte generation.Most live in moist environments. **Anthocerotophyta/**HORNWORTS-Nonvascular, hornlike structures which they reproduce with.Live in moist cool environments. **Lycophyta/**CLUB MOSSES-Seedless vascular plants.Some resemble tiny pine trees.Live in wooded environments. **Pterophyta/**FERNS,WHISK FERNS,AND HORSE TAILS-Seedless vascular plants, most have fringed leaves **Cycadophyta/**CYCADS-Gymnosperms,reproduce with seeds made in large cones,slow growing,palmlike plant that grow in tropical environments. **Ginkgophyta/**GINKGO BILOBA-Only species in phylum, a tee often planted in urban environments.Reproduces with seeds that hang from branches. **Coniferophyta/**CONIFERS-Gymnosperms,reproduce with seeds produced in cones.Usually evergreen. **Anthophyta/**FLOWERING PLANTS-Also called angiosperms.Reproduce with seeds made in flowers.Seeds are surrounded in by fruit

=Pg. 8-Animal=


 * Eukaryote
 * No cell wall
 * Hetrotropic





There are two types of animals. The first type of animal is called an invertebrate. These are animals that do not have a backbone. There are many types of invertebrates and they all have different forms. Examples of invertebrates would be ants and octopuses. The second forms of animals are called vertebrates. Unlike invertebrates, vertebrates have backbones. Vertebrates do look different from each other but they share some internal characteristics. Due to their backbone all vertebrates have a cranium which is what they all have in common.



=P9. 9- Mammal diversity=

Monotremes are a small group of mammals found in Australia and New Guinea. These types of animals share most of their traits with reptiles. These are the only living mammals that lay eggs they also do not have teeth.

Marsupials consist of mostly kangaroos, Koalas, and Opossums. Most females of these types of animals have a pouch for their children to spend their time in while they are still young. Marsupials are the most diverse group of animals in Australia. The only animal found in the continent of South America is the opossum. Kangaroo



Placental Mammals are the most familiar mammals. They would consist of cats, dogs, cows, horses, and humans. These forms of mammals make up 95% of the mammalian species. The mammals produce inside of the female’s uterus. There they are nourished by the nutrients in the female’s blood. These mammals have a longer internal development than marsupials. Dog